Abstract on the Risk of HIV/AIDS on the way to Food Security in Ethiopia As part of the Ethiopian national rural development program launched towards food security, the government is planning and executing extensive resettlement program from highly populated and degraded mid and lowlands to very fragile arid and semi arid lowlands. These areas are characterized by high fragility of the biophysical land resources and associated with various tropical disease risks both to human being and livestock's. The main objective of the program is to enable up to 440,000 chronically food insecure households or 2.2 million people attain food security. While the idea of giving land to the needy and making farmers self-reliant is appreciated, the separation of family and the frequency in mobility would exacerbate the spread of HIV/AIDS. Both the resettlers and receiving communities as well as the sending communities are becoming more vulnerable to HIV/AIDS. Resettlement usually involves the temporary separation of families as family heads, mainly men; establish themselves in their new homes before bringing over their families. The resettlement communities include of all sorts of people with different backgrounds: farmers/ peasants, school dropouts, ex-soldiers, unemployed town boys and commercial sex workers, and returnees from refugee camps. Some school dropouts and unemployed youth registered as heads of families in order to get the benefits promised in order to transform themselves in to another mode of life by renting the land, receiving money from the government as they reached at the area, etc. This research topic mainly deals with in one of the resettlement areas in the southern Ethiopia Kafa Site. Since many women are left behind along with their children in the home of origin, most heads of families are without their wives. The female population at the resettlement area is very small. Men are blamed to have developed sexual relation with sex workers at towns whenever they go for marketing and relaxation. The women at the site fear that they could be raped, for there are many men without wives. Husbands of such women also share the same fear. Because of this the local people are now forcing a girl to marry earlier for fear of rape. Some started marrying other women who came with their families. The resettlement context has enhanced divorce and marriage because of family separation. There are suspected people living with HIV/AIDS. The health service is poor. There is only one health provider and that is not available in most of the time. There is no activity on HIV/AIDS.

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